Symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length,Īrea, mass, pressure, and other types. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as wellĪs English units, currency, and other data. It is the pressure resulting from a force of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch.Ĭonversion calculator for all types of measurement units. The pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: psi or lbf/in² or lbf/in²) is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units. The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, the eminent French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.It is equivalent to one newton per square metre. Psi to Pa, or enter any two units below: Enter two units to convert From: The results, observations, and interpretations addressed in this study provided compelling evidence to suggest that the key mechanism for the emerged trend is wettability alteration.You can do the reverse unit conversion from Conversion Calculator Enter your value in the conversion calculator below. Our conversions provide a quick and easy way to convert between Pressure units. Also, nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements indicated that dilution of seawater can cause a significant alteration in the surface relaxation of the carbonate rock and also can enhance connectivity among pore systems because of rock dissolution. Online calculator to convert kilopascals to pounds per square inch (kPa to psi) with formulas, examples, and tables. more about mass and weight (force) Example - Convert from 10 psi to Pa. Mass must be multiplied with gravity g to be a force (weight). On the subject of recovery mechanisms, the results showed that altering the salinity and ionic composition of the injected water has a significant impact on the wettability of the rock surface. 1 Torr 1 mm Hg Note - pressure is 'force per unit area' and commonly used pressure units like kg/cm 2 and similar are in principle not correct since kg is a mass unit. The new emerged trend is distinct from what has been addressed in previous reported studies on topics of low-salinity waterflooding for sandstones or seawater injection into high-temperature chalk reservoirs. The experimental results revealed that substantial tertiary oil recovery beyond conventional waterflooding can be achieved by altering the salinity and ionic content of field injected water. The experimental parameters and procedures were well designed to reflect the reservoir conditions and current field injection practices, including reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature, and salinity and ionic content of initial formation water and current types of injected water. Also, it provides a laboratory coreflooding study conducted using composite rock samples from a carbonate reservoir to investigate the impact of salinity and ionic composition on oil recovery. This paper presents the results of different laboratory studies to investigate the impact of salinity and ionic composition on oil/brine/rock interactions and draws conclusions on potential recovery mechanisms. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of increased oil recovery by altering the salinity and ionic composition of the injection water for carbonate reservoirs, define the recovery mechanisms, and eventually transform the emerged trend to full-fledged reservoir technology. Although the potential for carbonates has not been thoroughly investigated, some reported studies have excluded carbonates from this effect. Evidence from laboratory studies, supported by some field tests targeting mainly sandstones, has distinctly shown that injecting low-salinity water has a significant impact on oil recovery. The impact of brine salinity and ion composition on oil recovery has been an area of research in recent years.
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